guide to biogas from production to use

The remainder provides methane for a variety of local end uses. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.12.012, Hnig V, Prochazka P, Obergruber M, Smutka L, Kuerov V (2019) Economic and Technological Analysis of Commercial LNG Production in the EU. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-012-0153-z, Herbes C, Halbherr V, Braun L (2018) Factors influencing prices for heat from biogas plants. 2018). The focus is usually on power-led operation (Br et al. Hahn et al. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Only three papers considered a region outside Europe: the USA (Murray et al. Abstract. 2017)) and Austria (n=3, including (Saracevic et al. 2016). The number of publications has been relatively constant since 2015. A systematic literature analysis of possible business models and economically considered utilization pathways was carried out to obtain an overview of the established business models in the biogas industry. Fuel 303:121327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121327, Cavana M, Leone P (2019) Biogas blending into the gas grid of a small municipality for the decarbonization of the heating sector. Several regions throughout the world are striving for climate neutrality based on an energy system supplied 100% from renewable energies. 2019) or the production of synthetic fuels (Eggemann et al. Recognising the value of these services would help to spur future deployment prospects for biogas plants. The connection of technical utilization pathways with the consideration of possible business models plays a central role in the design of future energy supply, such as the use of biogas. (PDF) Production of Biogas from Treated Sugarcane Bagasse - ResearchGate Research interest in biogas plants for household use is concentrated in Africa (Kenya (Hamid and Blanchard 2018), Ghana (Bensah et al. It can be assumed that power storage and flexible generation from H2 and biogas will complement each other. : A systematic review of biogas utilization pathways and business models, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-022-00545-z, Business model 1.2: Demand-oriented flexibilization, Pathway 3: Upgrading of biogas to a gas of higher value, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.057, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105313, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10137-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.01.012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.060, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.098, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-019-00937-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.084, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.058, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.005, https://doi.org/10.1080/01425918408909945, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.03.070, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.06.036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122476, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-017-0024-z, https://www.eafo.eu/countries/european-union-efta-turkey/23682/countries-compared, https://www.acea.auto/files/report-vehicles-in-use-europe-january-2021-1.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1176557, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.085, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.032, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-012-0153-z, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2019.05.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.12.012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.098, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.11.022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2019.01.005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.04.015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.01.007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.030, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1738, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.072, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.045, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-017-1341-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-015-9683-7, https://agriculture.newholland.com/eu/en-uk/equipment/products/agricultural-tractors/t6-methane-power, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.044, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.047, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.074, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.033, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.06.011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-012-0513-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1776-x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.09.003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.074, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110548, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.12.053, https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2015.1018992, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2009.10.009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.084, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Biogas has a massive potential for growth as it can be widely used as a local source of renewable power and heat almost anywhere in the world, helping to keep up with the demand for energy even in the poorest nations due to the fact that the feedstocks are readily available and low in cost. The majority of the papers was published within the last decade. 2019). In the 1990s its potential energy contribution was finally recognised, and it is now the third fastest growing renewable energy source in the world. Dissertation, Universitt Stuttgart, Gandiglio M, Drago D, Santarelli M (2016) Techno-economic analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell installation in a biogas plant fed by agricultural residues and comparison with alternative biogas exploitation paths. The topic of generating H2 from biogas (Business model 3.7: hydrogen production) is still of little consideration in the literature from the point of view of business models. Lower taxes for biomethane also offer advantages for profitability (Browne et al. Liquid biofuels make up around 7% of total bioenergy demand today. 2021), a market ramp-up in this area is hardly to be expected (Adler et al. Research interest in this utilization pathway exists primarily in Germany, as more than half of the publications present the utilization pathway using the German example (Fig. This page was last edited on 16 October 2018, at 14:35. Biogas Production and Applications in the Sustainable Energy - Hindawi Upgrading of biogas to biomethane is considered a mature technology (Verotti et al. This Guide is designed to close any existing gaps in knowledge and to escort potential plant operators and other involved parties through the various planning phases of a biogas project through to project realisation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-022-00545-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-022-00545-z. The possibilities of flexible CHP use and upgrading appear promising in the literature. Techno-economic evaluation of biogas production from food waste via There are also digesters at water resource recovery facilities which are used to clean the water and recover nutrients. The results of the literature research on biogas business models are then presented in detail, subdivided according to the different utilization routes. Biogas potential from municipal and agricultural residual biomass for power generation in Hazaribagh, Bangladesh-a strategy to improve the energy system. Besselink, 2006). Several studies have shown that biomethane can already be competitive with other fossil fuels or liquid biofuels (Goulding and Power 2013). This utilization pathway is already common today; mixed products of biomethane and natural gas are usually sold at gas stations (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. 2012). However, the use of biogas in a dual-fuel engine, together with the use of diesel, has been investigated. Biogas is produced through the processing of various types of organic waste. Int J Hydrog Energy 46:1413014137. 2013; Antonini et al. 2019). The use of captured CO2 is a research interest that has emerged mainly in recent years. A Guide to Biogas & It's Uses With the climate issues that we are now facing, more of the world than ever is looking for renewable sources of energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2019.05.001, Hochloff P, Braun M (2014) Optimizing biogas plants with excess power unit and storage capacity in electricity and control reserve markets. The search terms include business model/business case/economic, use/utilization/usage and pathway/path in various combinations. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1176557, Fischer E, Postel J, Ehrendreich F, Nelles M (2016) Energetische Bewertung von landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen mithilfe des mittleren Brennstoffausnutzungsgrades. Today there is around 18GW of installed power generation capacity running on biogas around the world, most of which is in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. Relevant for the selection of a publication was the clear consideration of the profitability of a business model. J Bus Econ 90:12891313. This business model is not discussed for Europe. Google Scholar, Antonini C, Treyer K, Streb A, van der Spek M, Bauer C, Mazzotti M (2020) Hydrogen production from natural gas and biomethane with carbon capture and storagea techno-environmental analysis. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:45374547. On the other hand, biogas that has been separated from hydrogen sulfide and water is a significantly cheaper fuel than biomethane (Kruczyski et al. 2013; Montenegro Camacho et al. It is a clean source of energy as the gas that is generated is non-polluting and actually reduces greenhouse gas emissions thanks to the fact that no combustion is used during its production. 2016). Biomass Bioenergy 128:105313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105313, Br K, Wageneder S, Solka F, Saidi A, Zrner W (2020) Flexibility potential of photovoltaic power plant and biogas plant hybrid systems in the distribution grid. The EBSCOhost database was used for the systematic literature review. 2019). https://www.eafo.eu/countries/european-union-efta-turkey/23682/countries-compared. Chem Eng Technol 40:298305. 2018). Currently around 3.5 Mtoe of biomethane are produced worldwide. 2. In the United States, the primary pathway for biogas has been through landfill gas collection, which today accounts for nearly 90% of its biogas production. English: Guide to Biogas- From Production to Use.pdf. This variation means that the energy content of biogas can vary; the lower heating value (LHV) is between 16megajoules per cubic metre (MJ/m3) and 28MJ/m3. This study evaluates the application of nanomaterials for biogas production from different kinds of waste. Around 60% of plants currently online and in development inject biomethane into the gas distribution network, with a further 20% providing vehicle fuel. In comparison, the revenues in a flexible operation are always higher than in a baseload operation (Grim et al. 2012). Clean Techn Environ Policy 14:10851093. Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ), Leipzig, Germany, Daniel-Gromke J, Kornatz P, Dotzauer M, Stur M, Denysenko V, Stelzer M, Hahn H, Krautkremer B, Bredow Hv, Antonow K (2019) Leitfaden Flexibilisierung der Strombereitstellung von Biogasanlagen (LF Flex)-Schlussbericht, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum, Das CK, Ehsan MA, Kader MA, Alam MJ, Shafiullah GM (2016) A practical biogas based energy neutral home system for rural communities of Bangladesh. The BECCS process is considered profitable (Li et al. JSAM:474, Kalinichenko A, Havrysh V (2019) Feasibility study of biogas project development: technology maturity, feedstock, and utilization pathway. In summary, regarding injection, the quality of the gas must comply with the provisions of the gas class and the deviations must not exceed the permissible limits (Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH 2019a). Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is an important and promising biopolymer, which is degradable also in the marine environment. In the guide of Biogas and its uses, the Gas Data Click! Waste production is steadily increasing in quantity and constantly changing in quality, creating . Direct use is studied mainly in the Asian and African regions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.181, DAdamo I, Falcone PM, Ferella F (2019) A socio-economic analysis of biomethane in the transport sector: the case of Italy. Biogas could find a long-term sales market in a hydrogen based energy system. Accessed 23 Aug 2021, Nikolaidis P, Poullikkas A (2017) A comparative overview of hydrogen production processes. Physicochemical characteristics of biogas. Thirty of the relevant 72 scientific papers deal with this utilization pathway. However, in situ methods are still underdeveloped and currently mostly take place on a laboratory or microscale. For example, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have all introduced support for biomethane in transport. The percentage of biogas produced that is upgraded varies widely between regions: in North America it is around 15% while in South America it is over 35%; in Europe, the region that produces the most biogas and biomethane, around 10% of biogas production is upgraded (although in countries such as Denmark and Sweden the percentages are much higher); in Asia, the figure is2%. By continuously tracking gas parameters, such as methane content and impurities, the Click! Biogas recovery for sustainable cities: A critical review of The systematic literature research has shown that no business model proves profitable under all circumstances, so attention must generally be paid to the individual case of the biogas plant. J of Clean Prod 161:13291337. During the anaerobic digestion process, some material, known as the digestate, is left behind. It has also been found that when biogas is compressed, it can be used as an effective fuel for vehicle transportation. Chem Eng Technology 43:15711577. In the future, however, biomethane upgrading should always be accompanied by CO2 capture and use or storage, with the goal of increasing profitability and environmental benefits. However, the business model is not widespread, so there is no reliable information on profitability. Initial studies indicate that in situ methods can offer better profitability for small to medium-sized plants and achieve a methane content of 85%. This paper shows the possible utilization pathways of biogas, divided into coupled power and heat generation, direct utilization and upgrading to a gas of a higher value. Alternative to the expansion of the gas storage, flexible biogas production can be achieved by changing the feedstock-feeding management (Daniel-Gromke et al. This produces the lowest level of greenhouse gas emissions compared to other fuel combustion whilst also being low cost for those who use it. The popularity of biogas has come from the wide-ranging ways in which it can be used. It occurs naturally in compost heaps, as swamp gas, and as a result of enteric fermentation in cattle and other ruminants. However, biomethane can be used not only in passenger cars; there are already other vehicles that run on natural gas. They can provide the system benefits of natural gas (storage, flexibility, high-temperature heat) without the net carbon emissions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.030, Li H, Tan Y, Ditaranto M, Yan J, Yu Z (2017) Capturing CO2 from biogas plants. Environ Innov Soc Transit 35:445459. Traditional use refers to the burning of solid biomass, such as wood, charcoal, agricultural residues and animal dung, for cooking or heating using basic technologies such as three-stone fires. Deutsche Energie-Agentur, Berlin, Dodds PE, Demoullin S (2013) Conversion of the UK gas system to transport hydrogen. If it is cleaned adequately by removing carbon dioxide, water, and other trace elements, it can be injected into gas pipelines and through catalytic chemical oxidation, the methane can be used to produce methanol. By contrast, there is the possibility of a heat demand-oriented flexibilization of the biogas plant. Introduction. However, both options currently do not lead to profitability in Germany under the current market conditions (Gsewell et al. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42:2771827731. Another goal of decentralized plants can be waste disposal, for example, of wastewater (Bensah and Brew-Hammond 2010) or to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Yuan et al. In addition to the possibility of selling the biomethane produced, it can also be used on-site. The business model of selling power is usually not profitable without subsidies due to declining income from power sales and the high investment costs in storage and CHP (Hochloff and Braun 2014; Lauven et al. Sust Energy Fuels 4:29672986. For this report, the different individual types of residue or waste were grouped into four broad feedstock categories: crop residues; animal manure; the organic fraction of MSW, including industrial waste; and wastewater sludge. Alongside the generation of storable renewable energy, the . There is a clustering for Italy (n=5, e.g., (Cavana and Leone 2019; Patrizio and Chinese 2016)), Germany (n=4, e.g., (Billig et al. Bioresources and Bioprocessing Wiley, Hoboken, Book These tax benefits may be tied to minimum GHG reduction standards, for example. (Lampinen 2004) reported on a farm that is completely self-sufficient in energy (power, heat and fuel, and also fertilizers) through the biogas plant. A Guide to Biogas & It's Uses - Gas Data Guide to Biogas from Production to Use - DocsLib Energy Procedia 101:10021009. Biogas upgrading usage pathways can be divided into biomethane usage for CHP off-site usage, the heat market, mobility sector and on-site usage.
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